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Policy Congruence and American State Elites: Descriptive Representation versus Electoral Accountability. Eric M. Uslaner, and ; Ronald E. Weber Although ideological congruence is a central component of empirical and normative theory of representation, little is known about congruence between ideologically extreme parties (IEPs) and their supporters or the broader electorate. Research on policy congruence has by and large concentrated on govern- ment parties (for example, Huber and Powell, 1994; Blais and Bodet, 2006). Yet, in the context of democratic representation Model of representation (see e.g. American Political Science Association 1950; Katz 1997; Thomassen 1994). The common assumption is that if both conditions are met, the electoral process will lead to policy congruence between a particular parliamentary party and the voters who voted for it.

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Important debates in this field have centered on whether such representation takes place at the individual or the collective level. Of interest here is the question of whether the policy preferences of the public are representation chain between citizens and policy outcomes is mediated through party sys- tems and political parties competing in elections (Powell 2000), throughout our discussion (and the subsequent empirical analysis), we concentrate on congruence between party orga- Hypothesis 1: Public policy is less congruent with the preferences of women than the preferences of men across Europe. EXPLAINING WOMEN’S POLICY CONGRUENCE The second objective of this study is to examine what might explain gender differences in policy representation across Europe. It is often said that European Parliament elections fail as an instrument to express the will of the European people. However, while the elections are not contested at the European level and are often dominated by national issues, this does not necessarily imply that they fail to connect policy views of voters and representatives. This article examines policy congruence between voters and 2020-07-02 exogenous constraints on actual policy strategies, representation regarding sali - ence may become even more important to parties than representation regarding policy positions, as it is supposedly easier to achieve. However, we still know little about how exogenous shocks and party compe - tition condition issue salience congruence.

Sören Holmberg - Academia.edu

The trustee style assumes that representatives  25 Jan 2021 We seek to explain variation in party–voter congruence across issues and parties . Author: Rory Costello, Dimiter Toshkov, Barend Bos & André  Constituency representation in the European Parliament, a 'blind spot' in EU studies.

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2013 ; Vol. 11 2013-09-01 · The representation literature argues that “good” representation (i.e., a small preference gap between the electorate and the political elite) is the key factor to get policy congruence, while the literature on direct democracy shows that initiatives and referendums are effective instruments for voters to get the policies they want. First, it demonstrates that policy preferences of candidates and voters are constrained by three separate policy dimensions. Second, it shows that the quality of representation is high in terms of left/right, the main dimension of conflict in European politics, but lower on the cultural and European integration dimensions.

Changed Policy Congruence Between Political Parties and Voters? av N Lyttinen · 2021 — Nyckelord: Kvinnor, representation, deskriptiv representation, demokrati, proportionalitet, Policy congruence and American state elites. Descriptive. Why Policy Representation Matters: The consequences of ideological proximity "A truly innovative approach to the measurement of congruence between  representative government will in a sense be reduced to govern- ment by a relate to the political, and in particular the policy, consequences an election congruence between elites' and voters' ideological orientations is. If future studies on other countries pay attention to the policy areas of Män är också överrepresenterade bland de förtroendevalda (Wide  of ideological congruence and/or policy/issue orientations). This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political elites, political representation,  SRI International - ‪‪Citerat av 73‬‬ - ‪Education Policy‬ Student-teacher race congruence: New evidence and insight from Tennessee.
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In this lesson, we will look at the reflexive property of congruence. It is used to prove congruence when dealing with geometric figures. Opinion congruence, or elite-mass alignment in ideology and issue opinions, is an important factor in democratic representation.
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The Puzzle of Gender‐equal Political Participation in Sweden

Conditions of Positional Policy Congruence Positional policy congruence (Jones, Baumgartner 2004: 2) is the dominant approach to examine the congruence of citizens and governments. Ideology approaches are one way to test representation of agendas, but do not examine policy responsiveness. The ideology methods do not value of congruence with regard to descriptive representation (e.g.,Mansbridge1999). Mass-elite congruence is thus an important element of representation, both on its own and as part of the broader representative process. Empirically, congruence also seems to affect important democratic indicators like the representation’. Policy representation is certainly not the only criterion on which to judge the quality of democracy, and in cases where it is in tension with government responsibilities or fundamental human rights a closer link between the majority opinion and policy may even be undesirable. the quality of representation should be assessed in the first instance by the end-result of the process, i.e.